Trademark Classes Explained
A trademark protects your name only in the classes you registered it in. File in the wrong class and you have a certificate that does not cover your business.
Protection is class by class
Trademarks in India are registered under an international classification with 45 classes: classes 1 to 34 for goods, and 35 to 45 for services. Your registration protects the mark in the classes you applied for, and nowhere else.
This surprises people. A business registers its name for its product, then starts a service line under the same name, and finds the registration does not reach it. Or someone else registers the identical name in a different class entirely, quite legitimately.
So the class decision is not administrative. It decides the boundary of what you actually own.
How to choose
Start from what you actually sell
Not from what sounds impressive. The class has to match the goods or services as they are described in the classification.
Consider where the business is heading
Filing an extra class costs an extra fee. Discovering in three years that your expansion is unprotected costs considerably more.
Check both goods and services if you do both
A manufacturer that also provides installation or maintenance may need a class from each half.
Search before you file
In every class you intend to file in. A mark that is clear in one class may be taken in another, and that affects your position.
File a multi-class application if it fits
One application covering several classes is possible, with fees per class.
Written 5 September 2026. Government requirements and portal behaviour change — message us to confirm before you rely on any date or figure here.
A note on how classes are read
The class alone is not the whole story. Within a class you specify the actual goods or services, and that specification is what defines the scope. A specification that is too narrow leaves gaps; one that is too broad invites objection for covering things you do not do.
Writing the specification is where an application is genuinely helped by someone who has seen what gets objected to. It is not a form-filling exercise.
Common questions
Send us your case
Tell us what you actually sell and where the business is heading. That is enough for us to tell you which classes matter.
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What comes before filing, and what comes after.